I think alliances should have a deeper meaning. I should be able to attack my enemies through my allied nation, provided ofcourse the distance isn't too great. Also, the rules should allow for allied nations to win the game together, without having to fight eachother in the endgame.
As for how attacks work, other then what Creeper explained in his post above, I have no idea. This isn't like any grand strategy game I've ever played. How much land would an attack conquer in one turn? Would I possibly already be standing on doors of my enemy's capital, or would there be some sort of initial standstill, allowing my enemy to respond? I have to admit, I severely underestimated how much land could be claimed in one turn.
As for the colors, yes, they can seem confusing at times. You should have made it more clear that you could pick other colors then what was shown on the list on the map, and the possibility of having details like dots or stripes.
Overall Creeper, you've done a good job, but this could see improvement. I'm interested in helping with the planning of the next game. The rules could have been clearer, and examples should have been shown.